In polar coordinates the Laplacian is given by

\[\Delta u = \partial_r^2 u + \frac{d-1}{r} \partial_r u + \frac{1}{r^2} \Delta_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}} u,\]

where \(\Delta_{\mathbb{S}^{d-1}}\) denotes the spherical Laplacian.

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