\[ \DeclareMathOperator{\ran}{ran} \DeclareMathOperator{\ker}{ker} \]

We use (0x6927d77b) . The result follow by an induction argument combined with the following identity

\[ \mathcal{P}_l = \ker \Delta \oplus (\ker \Delta)^\perp \]

since

\[ (\ker \Delta)^\perp = \ran \Delta^* \]

und \(\Delta^*\) is the multiplication operator by \(\lvert x\rvert^2\).

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