Suppose \(X_1,\ldots , X_n\) are topological spaces . The Cartesian product \(X_1\times \cdots \times X_n\) endowed with the topology generated by

\begin{equation*} \{U_1\times \cdots \times U_n \mid U_i\subseteq X_i \text{ open }\} \end{equation*}

is known as a product space.

Remarks
  • We could also consider the topology generated by \(\{B_1\times \cdots B_n \mid B_i\in \mathcal{B}_i\}\) (where \(\mathcal{B}_i\) is a basis of \(X_i\)). Both topologies are indeed identical.
  • The product space topology satisfies the characteristic property of product spaces

Examples Link to heading

  • \(\mathbb{R}^n\) is the product of \(n\) copies of \(\mathbb{R}\)
  • torus

Inherited properties Link to heading